Ultrapure Water Purity Requirements for Specific Applications

Parameter	ASTM D1193 Type 1	ISO 3696 Type 1	CLSI-CLRW Type 1	HPLC	LC-MS	ICP-MS & MS	Molecular Biology (PCR, RNA, DNA)	Cell Culture & Clinical Chemistry
Resistivity	18.2 MΩ·cm	18.0 MΩ·cm	18.2 MΩ·cm	18.2 MΩ·cm	18.2 MΩ·cm	18.2 MΩ·cm	18.2 MΩ·cm	18.2 MΩ·cm
Conductivity	≤ 0.055 µS/cm	≤ 0.056 µS/cm	≤ 0.055 µS/cm	≤ 0.055 µS/cm	≤ 0.055 µS/cm	≤ 0.055 µS/cm	≤ 0.055 µS/cm	≤ 0.055 µS/cm
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)	< 2 ppb	< 10 ppb	< 500 ppb	< 5 ppb	< 3 ppb	< 2 ppb	< 5 ppb	< 3 ppb
Bacteria	< 0.01 CFU/mL	< 10 CFU/mL	< 10 CFU/mL	< 0.01 CFU/mL	< 0.01 CFU/mL	< 0.01 CFU/mL	< 0.01 CFU/mL	< 0.01 CFU/mL
Endotoxins	N/A	N/A	< 0.03 EU/mL	N/A	N/A	N/A	< 0.001 EU/mL	< 0.001 EU/mL
Particulates (>0.2 µm)	< 1 particle/mL	< 1 particle/mL	N/A	< 1 particle/mL	< 1 particle/mL	< 1 particle/mL	< 1 particle/mL	< 1 particle/mL
Silica	< 3 ppb	< 500 ppb	N/A	N/A	N/A	< 3 ppb	N/A	N/A
Heavy Metals	< 1 ppb	< 10 ppb	N/A	N/A	< 0.1 ppb	< 1 ppb	N/A	N/A
Ionic Contaminants (Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, etc.)	Ultra-low levels	Ultra-low levels	Ultra-low levels	Ultra-low levels	< 0.1 ppb	Ultra-low levels	Ultra-low levels	Ultra-low levels
RNase/DNase	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Not detectable	N/A
Proteases	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Not detectable	N/A
pH Stability	Essential	Essential	Essential	Essential	Essential	Essential	Essential	Essential

Key Takeaways

Cell Culture & Clinical Chemistry → Prioritize bacteria & endotoxin removal.

HPLC & LC-MS → Require low TOC, ionic removal, and particulate filtration.

ICP-MS & Mass Spectrometry → Demand ultra-trace metal-free and silica-free water.

Molecular Biology & PCR → Must be RNase/DNase-free, endotoxin-free.

Source: Chat GTP